Retroscan – The Small Wonder Of The Micro-World

MITS Altair 680

Measuring just 11″ wide x 11″ deep x 5″ high, and weighing a mere 7 pounds, the Altair 680b is a complete, general-purpose computer. The secret to this revolutionary, small computer is its CPU board. This double-sided board fits along the bottom of the Altair case and plugs directly into the front panel board. It contains the new 6800 microprocessor, 1,024 bytes of RAM memory, a 256 byte PROM monitor, provisions for 768 bytes of additional PROM or ROM, and a single Interface port with a Motorola ACIA serial interface adapter which can be configured either RS-232 or TTY.  A five level Baudot interface option is also available.

The Altair 680b can be programmed from front panel switches, or it can be interfaced to a video display terminal, or teletype-writer. Three additional circuit boards can be plugged inside the Altair 680b for further memory and interface expansion. The first of these boards is a 16K static RAM memory board.

Software already developed includes Altair 680 BASIC with all the features of the 8K BASIC previously developed for the Altair 8800. These include Boolean operators, the ability to read or write a byte from any I/O port or memory location, multiple statements per line, and the ability to interrupt program execution and then continue after the examination of variable values. This software takes only 6.8K bytes of memory space and a copy is included free with the purchase of the Altair 680 16K memory board.

Other software includes a resident two pass assembler. The Altair 680b is also compatible with Motorola 6800 software. The Altair 680b is ideal for hobbyists who want a powerful computer system at an economic price. Altair 680b owners qualify for membership in the Altair Users Croup, and like other Altair owners, they receive a complimentary subscription to Computer Notes and complete factory support.

PRICES:
Altair 68Ob kit with complete, easy-to-understand assembly manual, operator’s manual, and programming manual – $466
Assembled Altair 680b – $625
Altair 68Ob Turnkey model kit – $395
Expander Card 680MB (required to expand 68O) – $  24
Altair 68OBSM 16K static RAM board kit with 680 BASlC – $685
Altair 680 BASIC when purchased separately – $200
Baudot  option – $  42

From Byte Magazine Issue No. 14 October 1976

Retroscan – Rickey’s Tackling The SDK-80

bytescan

Rickey likes soccer, lizards, hot fudge sundaes, skateboards and microscopes.  He can’t decide if he’d rather be Franco Harris, Bobby Fischer or Jonas Salk.

When his Dad brought home the Intel SDK-80 microcomputer systems kit, Rickey helped him put it together.  It took only four hours.  Everything was there.  The 8080 CPU, RAM, PROM, programmable, I/O, a printed circuit board with all those capacitors and resistors and the other things that go with it.  The best part was the instruction manuals.  Every step was clearly explained.  It was easy.  The programming part looked especially interesting.  So simple.  Just imagine talking to the computer.

The big thrill came on Saturday when they went to his Dad’s office to use a terminal.  When they connected the SDK-80 to the teletypewriter they got a printout.  That was exciting.  Within an hour they were talking to the computer, then inventing games.  They stayed all day.

Now Rickey is building a microcomputer of his own.  He may be the first kid on his block with his own computer.  Thanks to a $350 low interest loan from his Dad.

If you’re interested in being the first on your block to have a microcomputer, contact your Intel distributor: Almac/Stroum, Component Specialities, Components Plus, Cramer, Elmar, Hamilton/Avnet, Industrial Components, Liberty, Pioneer, Sheridan, or L.A. Varah.

Intel Microcomputers.  First from the beginning.

As seen in Byte Magazine, Issue No. 14, October 1976

Compunet – Log On To The Live One

cnet10

I recently discovered a box of 5.25″ floppy disks which had been in storage since the mid Eighties and wrote about how I’d recovered some data from one of them which turned out to be computer studies project I’d been working on at school in 1985.  That was one disk in a box of ten or twelve others, others which were unlabelled and I assumed blank.

Commodore Modem Settings

Commodore Modem Settings

However whilst recently using my Commodore 128D something, somewhere, deep in my mind prompted me to insert one of the disks into the 1571 drive and type LOAD”$”,8.  When I was subsequently greeted with a LOADING prompt I became quite excited.  Nervously I typed LIST and was greeted by a directory of various files, mostly related to Compunet.

Back in 1983/4 Commodore UK helped initiate Compunet, a UK specific dial-up interactive service hosted originally on a DEC 10. It was with retrospect an astonishingly ground breaking initiative.  An online community where users could create their own areas, upload content and have that content voted on by other users.  Content could even be priced, downloaded and paid for.  There were also popular online games and chat rooms.

Classic Compunet Setup

Classic Compunet Setup

The vast majority of users accessed Compunet with a Commodore 64 and Commodore Communications Modem, the latter of which contained a built-in text and low resolution graphic editor.  These allowed you to create content offline before uploading, thus saving on expensive phone charges.  Latterly the service would also see users logging on with Amigas and even Atari STs.

While some users had cool handles, youngsters such as myself who relied on their parents to set up their accounts ended up with anonymous handles like TBAH1, my Father’s initials. I believe you could pick something more memorable for an additional charge.

The Compunet Server

The Compunet Server

There were originally three subscription choices, Basic, Standard and Gold ranging in price from £7.50 to £15.00 per quarter.  Access to the system was free of charge between 6 pm and 8 am although you still had to factor in your BT phone bill which typically ran at around £0.60 per hour.  Access to online games such as M.U.D. cost an additional £1.75/hour.

As many of the users were like myself teenagers, this led to some interesting family discussions when the phone bill arrived.

My own experience of Compunet consisted largely of creating and uploading artwork as Spock and playing M.U.D. as Feanor for which I created a M.U.D. Gossip page (or the Technicolour Yawn page as my good friend Urbancamo (DEW2) once referred to it!)  After many hours playing M.U.D. at the aforementioned £1.75/hour I reached the penultimate status of Wizard and achieved immortality.

diary

My Compunet Usage Log

The ultimate status was of course reserved for the Arch Wizards, responsible for running and moderating the game.  The two I can remember were Roy and JohnK, the latter of which sent me my Wizard’s Pack which contained amongst other things, full maps of the game which I still have.

Classic 80's Look

Classic 80’s Look

As I worked my way through the floppy disks it was a pleasant surprise to find some remnants of my M.U.D. Gossip page and some old artwork.  The disks were understandably flaky and many files were unreadable.  Frustratingly the artwork I was able to recover was mostly work in progress, however I’ve included some here for nostalgia.

My weapon of choice was Vidcom64 which I bought on Compunet for the princely sum of £4.50.  Initially I was forced to use either the cursor keys or joystick to draw with.  This meant slow progress to say the least.  I eventually cobbled together enough pennies to buy a second-hand Koala Pad which at least allowed a moderate amount of freehand drawing.

Drawn With Vidcom64

Drawn With Vidcom64

After uploading several pictures I was approached to create the artwork for the loading screens of a couple of games.

Unfortunately immaturity and general apathy prevented me from meeting the required deadlines so there ended my career as an 8-bit artist before it had even started.

My M.U.D. Gossip page was quite popular with fellow players.  Once I’d made Wizard I’d log on and monitor an evening’s session, jotting down notes of new players, those who’d achieved a new rank and of course those who’d had been killed.  At the end of the week I would upload a round-up of events for all to read and hopefully vote on.

Compunet Guide

Compunet Guide

I also found a number of demos while working my way through the floppy disks.  The demo scene was a huge part of Compunet and every new release was eagerly anticipated.  Some of the hacks on display were frankly extraordinary,  I’m sure that even the creators of the 64 were astonished by some of the tricks these guys pulled off.  Many of the people involved were head hunted and went on to have careers in the video games industry.

Perhaps inevitably given the inexorable rise of the Internet Compunet ceased trading in 1993.  Somewhat ironically there’s a Facebook group for ex Compunet users. It was here that I learnt the rather depressing fact that some of the original disks and tapes on which Compunet resided were still in existence as late as 2008 at which point they were apparently thrown away.

Work In Progress

Work In Progress

This made me quite angry, not with any particular individual, but with the circumstance.  When you read about the latter-day exploits of Jason Scott and the Archive Team you have to wonder why at no point did anyone in a position to do so stop and think, we really need to try to recover and preserve this stuff.

I have some more files to look at, a number of them are I believe pages I created with the Commodore Modem’s built-in editor, and some are presumably other pages that I’d downloaded.  I did manage to find my original modem, however it doesn’t appear to working correctly so I’m going to try to locate a working model and see what else I can recover.

Old Disk Contents

Searching Old Disks

I’ve pulled together a few resources for those interested in further reading.  There is of course a Wikipedia article which goes in to further detail and there is also Mike Berry’s excellent 64apocalypse site which is as far as I can tell the most comprehensive single online resource covering Compunet.

Richard Bartle, co-creator of M.U.D. has some interesting articles on his site, not least of which is this one.  A good article from the January ’85 edition of Your Commodore can be found here.  You can play M.U.D. here.

There’s a bio of Nick Green here, the main man behind Compunet.  Another interesting article can be found here.  I’ve also scanned in some literature that may be of interest:-

Compunet GuideCompunet GuideCompunet LetterCompunet LetterMud Gossip NotesCommodore Communications Modemcn12Commodore Communications ModemCompunet BillCompunet GuideCompunet GuideCompunet GuideCompunet GuideCompunet GuideCompunet Guide